Magántermékek

Magántermékek, often translated as private goods or private property, refers to economic goods that exhibit two key characteristics: rivalry and excludability. Rivalry means that one person's consumption of the good prevents another person from consuming it. For example, if one person eats an apple, another person cannot eat the same apple. Excludability means that it is possible to prevent people who have not paid for the good from consuming it. For instance, a shopkeeper can prevent someone from taking an apple if they don't pay for it.

Most goods traded in markets are private goods. Examples include food, clothing, cars, and electronics. The private ownership and market allocation of private goods are a cornerstone of many economic systems. Because they are rivalrous and excludable, producers have an incentive to produce them as they can charge a price and exclude non-payers. Consumers, in turn, are willing to pay for these goods because their consumption is guaranteed and unique to them. The concept of private goods is fundamental to understanding how markets function and how resources are allocated efficiently in a capitalist economy. It contrasts with other types of goods such as public goods, common resources, and club goods, which have different combinations of rivalry and excludability.