Magnetiseeruvad

Magnetiseeruvad refers to the process by which a material becomes magnetized, typically in response to an external magnetic field. When a material magnetizes, it develops a net magnetic moment per unit volume, which can be observed as a measurable magnetization M in a magnetic field H. The relationship between B, H, and M is described by B = μ0(H + M).

Materials exhibit different magnetic behaviors. Diamagnetic materials create a very weak, opposite response to an external field. Paramagnetic materials become weakly magnetized in the same direction as the field but show no residual magnetization when the field is removed. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials can acquire large magnetizations and may retain a portion of this magnetization after the external field is removed, a property known as remanence. The ability to retain magnetization is linked to magnetic domains—small regions where atomic spins align in the same direction. In zero field, random domain orientations yield little net magnetization; an external field aligns domains, and domain wall motion and spin alignment contribute to overall magnetization. Above the Curie temperature, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials lose permanent magnetism and behave as paramagnets.

Magnetization behavior is often represented by M(H) curves, showing saturation magnetization Ms, remanent magnetization Mr, and coercivity Hc. These properties depend on material composition, temperature, and magnetic anisotropy. Applications include permanent magnets, magnetic storage, transformers, motors, and various sensors. The term magnetiseeruvad emphasizes the reversible and irreversible aspects of how materials respond to and retain magnetic order under magnetic fields.