Magmatico

Magmatico is an adjective used in geology, and in Italian and Spanish-language scientific discourse, to describe things related to magma, the molten rock that originates beneath the Earth’s crust, and to magmatic processes and rocks. Etymologically, it derives from magma, with cognates in Latin and Romance languages meaning molten material.

In geology, magmatic refers to the generation, transport, emplacement, and crystallization of magma. Partial melting of existing rocks produces magma; as magma ascends, it may differentiate, assimilate surrounding material, or mix with other magmas. Crystallization then yields mineral assemblages that define magmatic rock types. The study of magmatic processes explains the diversity of igneous rocks and their textures, chemical compositions, and zoning patterns.

Igneous rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of magma are described as magmatic or igneous rocks. Intrusive or plutonic rocks crystallize underground, examples being granite, diorite, and gabbronite, while extrusive or volcanic rocks erupt at the surface, such as basalt, andesite, rhyolite, obsidian, and rhyodacite. Classification commonly follows chemical and modal composition: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic, with felsic rocks rich in silica and light-colored minerals and mafic rocks richer in magnesium and iron.

Tectonic settings influence magmatic activity. Divergent boundaries tend to produce mafic magmas (basalts), subduction zones generate a progression from intermediate to felsic magmas (andesite to rhyolite), and hotspots can yield a range from basalt to rhyolite depending on crustal interactions.

In English-language geology, the direct equivalent is magmatic or magmatism, while magmático or magmático appears in Romance-language contexts.