Maakaisten

Maakaisten refers to a type of nickel iron alloy that was used in the production of steam locomotive narrow wheels in the 19th century. This alloy was specifically chosen for its ability to withstand the high stresses and strains of repeated rolling contact fatigue, allowing steam locomotives to traverse and maintain speed on rail networks at the time.

Maakaisten was developed in the late 19th century by the Finnish steel company Rautaruukki Oyj as part of a broader effort to improve the durability and reliability of steam locomotives. Its production involved a precision casting process, often used to manufacture parts in high-stress applications where conventional steels could not be employed.

Prior to the introduction of Maakaisten, the wheel metal used in steam locomotives were prone to fatigue failure, which often resulted in costly delays and repairs to steam locomotives. The use of Maakaisten wheels helped to mitigate this problem by providing a longer lifespan and improved overall performance for the locomotives.

The non-tunnel boot type of wheels containing narrow rim made use of Maakaisten. Typically these wheel metals did occur in bradstocks forming from bars bought off hammered stockers. Note, in Scotland narrow wheels or track factory Provan mills Maakaisten would appear.

Maakaisten continued in production until mid-20th century steel alloys like QS began to be employed in production of wheels and spare wheels.