MMCMXCIII

MMCMXCIII is the Roman numeral representation of the decimal number 2993. It is formed by adding the values MM (2000), CM (900), XC (90), and III (3).

Thus MMCMXCIII equals 2000 + 900 + 90 + 3, a combination that demonstrates standard subtractive notation in Roman numerals.

Mathematically, 2993 factors as 41 × 73, making it a composite number. It is odd, not prime, and its Euler totient is 2880. In binary it is 101110110001 and in hexadecimal it is BB1.

Roman numerals are primarily a historical system used throughout ancient Rome and medieval Europe; in modern contexts MMCMXCIII might appear on clock faces, book chapters, film titles, or as a stylized year designation.

See also: Roman numerals.