LösungsabsetzteVerfahren

Lösungsabsetzen is a term used in chemistry and related fields to describe the removal of a dissolved substance from a liquid by forming a separate phase. The term is German and can refer to precipitation, crystallization, or sedimentation processes that reduce the concentration of solute in the solution.

The driving factors include changes in solubility due to temperature, solvent composition, or pH; when a solution becomes supersaturated, solute particles begin to aggregate and escape into a solid phase. Crystallization results in ordered solid crystals, while precipitation can form amorphous solids or different salts. Sedimentation relies on differences in density, causing solid particles to settle out of the liquid.

In practice, Lösungsabsetzen is used for purification and product isolation, for example recrystallization of a compound, or removal of dissolved contaminants in water treatment. Process engineers may induce the effect by cooling, solvent evaporation, anti-solvent addition, or adjusting ionic strength.

Typical equipment associated with Lösungsabsetzen includes crystallizers, precipitation tanks, settlers, and filters. The efficiency depends on nucleation and growth rates, mixing, and particle size distribution; control strategies focus on achieving target purity and yield while minimizing energy use and waste generation.

See also: crystallization, precipitation (chemistry), sedimentation, filtration, solubility.