Lågspänningsförsörjningar

Lågspänningsförsörjningar, often referred to as low-voltage power supplies, are devices that convert a higher voltage, typically from the mains electricity supply, into a lower, safer voltage. This lower voltage is then used to power electronic components and devices that cannot handle the direct mains voltage.

The primary function of a lågspänningsförsörjning is voltage reduction. This is commonly achieved through a transformer, which uses electromagnetic induction to step down the voltage. Following the transformer, rectifiers are often employed to convert alternating current (AC) from the mains into direct current (DC), which is the form of electricity most electronic circuits require. Further regulation stages may then be used to ensure a stable and constant output voltage, regardless of fluctuations in the input voltage or changes in the load.

These power supplies are ubiquitous in modern electronics. They are found in everything from small consumer electronics like mobile phone chargers, laptop adapters, and routers, to larger industrial equipment and laboratory instruments. The specific output voltage and current rating of a lågspänningsförsörjning varies greatly depending on its intended application. Safety is a key consideration, as the reduced voltage significantly lowers the risk of electrical shock compared to direct mains voltage. Many designs also incorporate overcurrent and short-circuit protection to safeguard both the power supply and the connected device.