Lämmastikuaatomitelt

Lämmastikuaatomitelt refers to nitrogen atoms. Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. It is a nonmetal and the lightest element in Group 15 of the periodic table, also known as the pnictogens. Under standard conditions, nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule, N₂, which is colorless and odorless. This molecule makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere.

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 protons. The most common isotope, nitrogen-14, also has 7 neutrons. Nitrogen atoms readily form covalent bonds, and the triple bond in N₂ makes it a very stable molecule, requiring significant energy to break. This stability influences nitrogen's reactivity in various chemical processes.

Nitrogen is essential for life. It is a key component of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, and nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. Organisms cannot directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen, so it must be converted into more usable forms through processes like nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by certain bacteria and lightning.

Industrially, nitrogen gas is used for creating inert atmospheres, in the production of ammonia for fertilizers, and in various industrial processes. Liquid nitrogen is used as a coolant. The chemical behavior of nitrogen atoms is central to understanding organic chemistry, biochemistry, and atmospheric science.