Lähemõjupolümeeriseerimine

Lähemõjupolümeeriseerimine, also known as proximity-induced polymerization or polymerization by proximity, is a polymerization process that is initiated or enhanced by the close spatial arrangement of reactive monomers. This phenomenon occurs when monomers are brought into close contact, often facilitated by confinement within a specific environment, such as a confined space, a template, or on a surface. The proximity increases the probability of intermolecular interactions and reactions, leading to the formation of polymer chains.

This process is distinct from traditional bulk polymerization where monomers are relatively free to move. In lähemõjupolümeeriseerimine, the spatial constraints play a crucial role in determining the rate of polymerization, the molecular weight of the resulting polymer, and sometimes even its architecture or tacticity. Examples can include polymerization within nanopores, between layers of a solid material, or in highly concentrated solutions where excluded volume effects promote chain formation.

The concept is relevant in various fields, including the synthesis of polymers with controlled structures, the development of functional materials, and in understanding biological polymerization processes. Surface-initiated polymerization, for instance, can be considered a form of lähemõjupolümeeriseerimine where monomers polymerize in close proximity to a surface. Understanding and controlling this proximity effect allows for tailored polymer synthesis and material design.