Lungor

Lungor is the Swedish term for the lungs, the pair of organs that form the central components of the respiratory system. In English-language medical writing, the term may appear when referring to Swedish sources or cross-linguistic discussions about anatomy.

The lungs are paired, cone-shaped organs located in the thoracic cavity and enclosed by the pleural membranes. The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two and a cardiac notch to accommodate the heart. Air travels from the trachea into the bronchi, bronchioles, and ultimately alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs. The lungs are supplied by the pulmonary circulation and drained by the lymphatic system; the pleural cavity between the membranes contains a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during breathing.

At the microscopic level, the alveolar surface is lined by type I and type II pneumocytes; type II cells secrete surfactant to lower surface tension and aid inflation. The respiratory membrane comprises alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, and their shared basement membranes. Oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out, driven by partial pressure gradients. The lungs receive deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary arteries and deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.

Clinically, the lungs are affected by diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. Diagnostic tools include spirometry, chest radiography, computed tomography, and arterial blood gas analysis, while treatment depends on the condition and may involve medication, supplemental oxygen, or surgical intervention.