Lukustades

Lukustades is an Estonian present adverbial participle formed from the verb lukustada, meaning to lock. It is used to express an attendant or concurrent action, roughly corresponding to the English phrase “while locking” or “locking.” In sentences, lukustades introduces an action that occurs at the same time as the main verb, and it can describe manner, cause, or a sequential moment tied to the main clause.

Morphology and usage are typical of Estonian adverbial participles. The form lukustades is a non-finite, uninflected form that does not specify person or number. It is commonly found in written and formal language, including literary prose, instructions, and legal or technical texts. The subject of the adverbial participle is usually the same as the subject of the main clause, though stylistic devices may allow implicit subjects or subject omission.

Examples are constructed to illustrate concurrent action. For instance: Lukustades ukse, lahkus ta majast. (Locking the door, he left the house.) Another example: Lukustades ukse ja kontrollides hilisõhtust korruseid, teostas ta kontrolli. These illustrate how lukustades can combine actions without repeating the subject.

Relationship to other forms: lukustatud is the past passive participle meaning “locked,” used to form passive constructions, while lukustades is specifically the present adverbial participle. The latter is less common in everyday speech and more typical in formal or narrative contexts.

See also: lukustada, Estonian adverbial participles, gerunds, participle constructions in Estonian.