Logistikkbindinger

Logistikkbindinger is a term used in logistics and operations research to describe constraints that are active at an optimal solution in a logistics optimization model. A binding constraint is one that holds with equality at the solution, meaning the corresponding resource or limitation exactly limits the feasible set and the objective value. Binding constraints help identify the bottlenecks that prevent any further improvement under the current model.

Common types of binding constraints in logistics include capacity limits on vehicles and warehouses, minimum or maximum inventory levels, service level requirements, and time-window restrictions for deliveries and pickups. Other binding constraints can arise from routing and scheduling restrictions, such as limited fleet availability, driver hours, or hub throughput, as well as contractual or regulatory limits that restrict modes of transport or destinations. In practice, a binding constraint is distinguished from a non-binding one by its shadow price or dual value: a positive dual value signals the constraint is tight and contributes to the objective, while a zero dual value indicates it could be slackened without immediate impact.

Identifying binding constraints informs decision makers where improvements will most effectively raise performance, such as expanding capacity, redesigning the network, altering service levels, changing inventory policies, or negotiating different contracts. Managers also use sensitivity analysis and scenario planning to understand how binding constraints might shift under uncertainty and to assess the value of relaxing or removing them through investments or process changes.

In summary, logistikkbindinger highlight the practical limits that shape optimal logistics plans and guide strategic and operational decisions.