Lluviaescorrentía

Lluviaescorrentía refers to the process by which rainwater flows over the land surface. It occurs when the intensity of rainfall exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil, meaning the ground cannot absorb the water quickly enough. This excess water then begins to move downhill, gathering momentum and volume.

The characteristics of lluviaescorrentía are influenced by several factors. The slope of the terrain plays a significant role; steeper slopes lead to faster and more concentrated runoff. The type of soil is also important, as permeable soils like sand allow more water to infiltrate, reducing surface flow, while impermeable soils like clay promote greater runoff. Vegetation cover acts as a natural barrier, slowing down the water and increasing infiltration. Urban areas, with their extensive impervious surfaces like roads and buildings, experience significantly higher rates of lluviaescorrentía compared to natural landscapes.

Lluviaescorrentía is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle. It contributes to the recharge of surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. However, it can also lead to several environmental issues. In heavily urbanized areas, it can cause flash floods, overwhelming drainage systems. Furthermore, as the water flows over the land, it picks up pollutants like sediment, fertilizers, pesticides, and debris, which are then transported into water bodies, impacting water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Understanding and managing lluviaescorrentía is essential for flood control, water resource management, and environmental protection.