Ljusförgiftning

Ljusförgiftning, often referred to as light pollution, is the excessive or misdirected use of artificial light. It encompasses several phenomena, including skyglow, light trespass, glare, and clutter. Skyglow is the brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas, obscuring stars and making astronomical observation difficult. Light trespass occurs when light falls where it is not intended or needed, such as spilling onto a neighbor's property. Glare is excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort, and clutter refers to confusing and excessive groupings of light sources.

The primary causes of ljusförgiftning are inefficient lighting fixtures that direct light upwards or outwards, and the overuse of lighting for aesthetic or security purposes without proper consideration for its impact. Light pollution has significant environmental consequences. It disrupts the natural behavior of nocturnal animals, affecting their migration, foraging, and reproduction. For instance, migrating birds can become disoriented by city lights, and sea turtle hatchlings may be drawn away from the ocean by artificial illumination. It also impacts plant life by altering photoperiodism, the biological processes regulated by day and night cycles.

Furthermore, ljusförgiftning has implications for human health. Exposure to artificial light at night can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythms, potentially contributing to sleep disorders and other health issues. Economically, wasted light represents wasted energy and resources. Efforts to combat ljusförgiftning include using shielded light fixtures that direct light downwards, employing timers and motion sensors, and choosing warmer color temperatures for outdoor lighting. Many communities are implementing lighting ordinances to mitigate these negative effects and preserve the night sky.