Lizoszómák

Lizoszómák are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells. They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. These enzymes are most active in an acidic environment, which is maintained within the lysosome by proton pumps in the lysosomal membrane. Lizoszómák play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis by removing damaged organelles and ingested pathogens. They are formed from the Golgi apparatus. The process by which a cell engulfs large particles is called phagocytosis, and the resulting vesicle fuses with a lysosome to digest the material. Another process, autophagy, involves the breakdown of the cell's own damaged components within lysosomes. Defects in lysosomal function can lead to a class of genetic disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, where specific enzymes are deficient, causing the accumulation of undigested substances within cells.