Littoraalivyöhyke

Littoraalivyöhyke, also known as the littoral zone, is the ecological region of a shore or shoreline. It is the area that is between the high-tide mark and the lowest tide mark. This zone is characterized by fluctuating water levels, exposure to air during low tide, and submersion during high tide. Organisms living in the littoral zone must be adapted to these harsh and dynamic conditions, including changes in salinity, temperature, and wave action.

The littoral zone can be further divided into different sub-zones based on the duration of submersion and exposure. The supralittoral zone is above the high tide line and is only occasionally splashed by waves. The eulittoral zone is the main intertidal area, regularly covered and uncovered by tides. Below this is the sublittoral zone, which is always submerged but close enough to shore to be influenced by tidal action and light penetration.

This zone is highly productive and supports a diverse array of life. In marine environments, it is home to organisms such as barnacles, mussels, seaweeds, crabs, and various types of fish. In freshwater environments, like lakes, the littoral zone is often rich in aquatic plants, insects, and amphibians. The presence of abundant food and varied habitats makes the littoral zone a crucial area for many species, serving as a nursery ground and feeding area.