Lipidivälittäjäaineet

Lipidivälittäjäaineet, also known as lipid mediators, are signaling molecules derived from fatty acids. They play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes within the body. These substances are synthesized and released by cells in response to stimuli such as inflammation, injury, or hormonal signals.

The primary functions of lipid mediators are diverse. They are key players in regulating inflammation, influencing processes like vasodilation, vascular permeability, and immune cell recruitment. They also participate in pain perception, blood clotting, and the regulation of blood pressure. In addition, lipid mediators are involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Examples of well-known lipid mediators include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor. Each of these classes has distinct chemical structures and mediates specific biological effects. For instance, prostaglandins can cause pain and fever, while thromboxanes promote blood clotting. Leukotrienes are potent inflammatory mediators involved in conditions like asthma.

The synthesis of lipid mediators often involves enzymes that modify fatty acids, such as cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX). The precise mechanisms of their action involve binding to specific receptors on target cells, triggering intracellular signaling pathways. Due to their significant roles in health and disease, lipid mediators are targets for drug development, particularly in treating inflammatory and cardiovascular conditions.