LipF

Lipf, officially LIPF (lipase family member F), is a human gene that encodes gastric lipase, an enzyme essential for the initial digestion of dietary fats in the stomach. The protein is secreted into gastric juice by gastric chief cells and remains active in the acidic environment of the stomach.

Function and mechanism: Gastric lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides into diglycerides and free fatty acids, contributing to fat digestion before chyme enters the small intestine. It shows activity at acidic pH and complements the action of pancreatic lipase later in digestion. It preferentially targets short- to medium-chain fatty acids more effectively than long-chain fats.

Expression and localization: The LIPF gene is expressed primarily in gastric mucosa, with the encoded enzyme localized to the stomach lumen. The enzyme belongs to the lipase family and shares structural features with other hydrolases that act on ester bonds in lipids.

Genetic and clinical aspects: Variants of LIPF have been studied for potential associations with lipid metabolism and digestive traits. However, the clinical significance of common genetic variation at LIPF is not well established, and severe gastric lipase deficiency is considered rare. The enzyme operates in normal gastric physiology as part of fat digestion.

Evolution and orthologs: Lipases are conserved across vertebrates, and LIPF has orthologs in many mammals, reflecting a conserved role in gastric lipid digestion. Research on LIPF continues to clarify its contribution to nutrient processing and how genetic variation may influence lipid metabolism.