Liittouma

Liittouma is a Finnish term that denotes an alliance or coalition between political actors or states. The word derives from liitto (alliance, pact) with the suffix -ouma, forming a noun used to describe formal arrangements to pursue shared objectives. It is used in both domestic and international contexts to refer to cooperative groupings that coordinate actions or policies.

In domestic politics, a liittouma typically describes a coalition government formed by two or more parliamentary parties that agree to govern together for a set term. The arrangement is usually codified in a coalition agreement that outlines policy priorities, portfolio distribution, and decision-making processes. Coalition governments seek to command a majority in parliament, and their stability depends on ongoing compromise; if partners disagree or withdraw support, the coalition may be renegotiated or dissolved.

In international or inter-organizational contexts, the term can describe an alliance of states or groups pursuing common interests, such as defense, diplomacy, or economic cooperation. The precise meaning and structure of such a liittouma vary by treaty, agreement, or organizational rules, and Finnish usage may align with terms like coalition or alliance in other languages.

Variants include narrow or broad coalitions, temporary or long-lasting arrangements, and grand coalitions that bring together parties across the political spectrum. Common features are negotiated agreements, shared goals, and the distribution of responsibilities among members. The concept reflects the practical reality of multiparty or multilateral systems where single actors cannot achieve goals alone.