Liitiumioonakku

Liitiumioonakku, often abbreviated as Li-ion battery, is a type of rechargeable battery where lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back again during charging. This movement of ions facilitates the flow of electrons, creating an electric current. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems due to their high energy density, meaning they can store a large amount of energy relative to their weight and volume.

The basic components of a lithium-ion battery include a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), an electrolyte, and a separator. The cathode is typically made of a lithium metal oxide, while the anode is often graphite. The electrolyte is a chemical compound that allows lithium ions to move between the electrodes. The separator is a porous material that prevents direct contact between the anode and cathode, thus avoiding a short circuit.

Compared to older battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries offer several advantages. They have a higher cell voltage, which translates to more power output. They also exhibit a very low self-discharge rate, meaning they hold their charge for a long time when not in use. However, they can be sensitive to extreme temperatures and overcharging, which can degrade their performance and lifespan. Proper battery management systems are crucial for safe and efficient operation.