Liikunud

Liikunud is an Estonian past participle form derived from the verb liikuma, meaning to move. In usage, it functions as a participial adjective with the sense of “moved” or “having moved.” It can describe a subject that has changed location or state, and it also appears in compound tenses with the auxiliary olla (to be), to express completed movement, for example: Ta on liikunud Tallinnast Tartusse (He has moved from Tallinn to Tartu).

Grammatically, liikunud behaves like an adjective and thus agrees with the noun it modifies in number and case. It can be used predicatively with auxiliary verbs, as in on liikunud (has moved) or oli liikunud (had moved), and it can also introduce relative clauses describing people or objects that have relocated, for instance, inimesed, kes on liikunud (people who have moved).

Etymology and form: the word is formed from the root liikum- of liikuma (to move) with the common Estonian past participle suffix -nud, producing liikunud. This pattern parallels other Estonian participles formed in a similar way from verbs.

Usage notes: liikunud commonly appears in contexts involving migration, relocation, or movement between places. It is a neutral, factual descriptor suitable for encyclopedic and descriptive writing. While it shares a semantic field with related forms like liigutatud (moved by someone) or liikmine (movement in a broader sense), liikunud specifically emphasizes the completion of movement or relocation rather than the agentive action.