Lidocaines

Lidocaine, also known as lidocaine and sold under brand names such as Xylocaine, is a common anesthetic and antiarrhythmic medication. It is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. Lidocaine is used to numb tissue in a specific area of the body. It is typically administered by injection or as a topical cream or spray. Its primary medical applications include numbing the skin before inserting an IV or removing a mole, numbing the mouth or throat before dental procedures or surgery, and treating pain from sunburn, insect bites, or hemorrhoids.

As an antiarrhythmic, lidocaine is used to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It works by blocking the action of sodium channels in the heart, which helps to restore a normal heart rhythm. It is administered intravenously for this purpose.

Lidocaine was first synthesized in 1943 by Swedish chemist Nils Löfgren. It was introduced into medical practice in 1948. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, indicating its importance as a safe and effective medication. Side effects can occur, including dizziness, drowsiness, and changes in blood pressure. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. It is important to use lidocaine only as directed by a healthcare professional.