Lichteviteurstoffen

Lichteviteurstoffen is a term used in some Dutch-language literature to designate a proposed class of natural products produced by lichens and their photobionts that interact with light to influence ecological interactions. The concept emphasizes compounds with strong UV-absorbing, photoprotective, or photoactive properties that can modulate the exposure of the lichen thallus and associated organisms to sunlight.

Occurrence and characteristics: These compounds are primarily observed in lichens from high-radiation environments such as rocky outcrops and alpine regions. Commonly studied metabolites such as usnic acid and atranorin are examples of polyketide-derived UV-absorbers that may contribute to light protection and antioxidative defense. The precise boundaries of the class are still debated, and the term is not universally adopted.

Chemical nature and biosynthesis: Lichteviteurstoffen are typically polyketide-derived aromatic compounds; biosynthesis proceeds via polyketide synthase pathways in fungal partners, with expression modulated by light, oxidative stress, and nutrient status. Some may accumulate in the cortex or medulla and be released upon tissue damage, affecting surrounding microflora or phototrophic partners.

Applications and research: Because of their UV-absorbing and antimicrobial properties, lichteviteurstoffen attract interest as natural photoprotectants, antioxidant additives, and potential pharmaceutical leads. However, most evidence is preliminary and environmental and regulatory concerns limit use in consumer products; more research is needed to establish safety, efficacy, and sustainable sourcing.

See also: Lichen secondary metabolites; Photoprotection in plants; Usnic acid; Atranorin; Polyketide synthase.