LiNiO2based

LiNiO2based refers to a class of cathode materials used in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The fundamental component of these materials is lithium nickel oxide, with the chemical formula LiNiO2. However, pure LiNiO2 is rarely used in practical applications due to its poor structural stability and tendency to undergo undesirable side reactions during cycling. Instead, it serves as a foundational structure for a variety of modified and doped compounds.

These materials are characterized by their layered crystal structure, which allows for the reversible insertion and extraction of lithium ions during charging and discharging processes. The nickel ions within the structure are in a +2 oxidation state, and their oxidation state changes during electrochemical cycling, facilitating the charge transfer. The high theoretical capacity of nickel-based oxides makes them attractive for applications requiring high energy density.

To overcome the limitations of pure LiNiO2, various strategies are employed. Doping with other transition metals such as cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), or aluminum (Al) is common. These dopants can improve thermal stability, enhance structural integrity, and increase cycle life. For example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) was an early success, and subsequent research led to the development of nickel-rich materials like lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC). These modified compounds offer a balance of energy density, power capability, and safety. The precise composition and synthesis methods significantly influence the electrochemical performance of LiNiO2based cathode materials.