Leukocyttransport

Leukocyttransport, also known as leukocyte migration or chemotaxis, refers to the directed movement of white blood cells (leukocytes) from the bloodstream into tissues where they are needed to combat infection or inflammation. This process is a critical component of the immune response, ensuring that immune cells reach sites of injury or infection efficiently.

Leukocytes are attracted to areas of inflammation or infection through a series of coordinated steps. Initially, they adhere to the endothelial cells lining blood vessels, a process mediated by selectins, integrins, and other adhesion molecules. Following adhesion, leukocytes undergo a process called extravasation, where they squeeze between endothelial cells and migrate through the vessel wall into the surrounding tissue. This movement is guided by chemical signals, primarily chemokines and cytokines, which are released by damaged cells, pathogens, or other immune cells.

Chemotaxis, the directed movement toward higher concentrations of these signaling molecules, is facilitated by specialized receptors on the surface of leukocytes. Once in the tissue, leukocytes further migrate toward the source of infection or injury, where they can engulf pathogens (phagocytosis) or release antimicrobial substances to neutralize threats.

Disruptions in leukocyttransport can impair immune function, leading to increased susceptibility to infections or chronic inflammatory diseases. Conditions such as sepsis, autoimmune disorders, or certain genetic deficiencies may affect the efficiency of leukocyte migration, highlighting its importance in maintaining health. Research into leukocyttransport continues to uncover new mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for immune-related diseases.