Legování

Legování refers to the process of creating alloys by melting and mixing two or more metallic elements together, or by combining metals with non-metallic elements like carbon. The resulting material, known as an alloy, typically possesses properties that are superior to those of its constituent elements. This enhancement can manifest in various ways, such as increased strength, hardness, ductility, corrosion resistance, or altered electrical conductivity.

The specific properties of an alloy are determined by the types and proportions of the elements used. For instance, steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, is significantly stronger and harder than pure iron. Similarly, brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is more malleable and has a lower melting point than copper. The ancient Bronze Age, named for its widespread use of bronze (an alloy of copper and tin), highlights the long-standing importance of legování in human technological development.

The methods for creating alloys vary depending on the melting points of the involved materials and the desired homogeneity. Common techniques include melting the components in a furnace and then cooling the mixture, or in some cases, solid-state diffusion can be used. Legování is a fundamental process in metallurgy, underpinning the production of countless materials used in construction, manufacturing, electronics, and everyday objects.