Landningsfas

Landningsfas, or the landing phase, is the final portion of descent during which a vehicle or organism reaches and makes contact with the surface. The term is used across aviation, spaceflight, and robotics to describe the sequence from the final approach to touchdown and rest.

In aviation, the landningsfas typically includes the final approach, the flare, the touchdown, and the roll-out. The aim is a controlled, soft contact with the runway, preserving directional and pitch stability, and ensuring that landing loads and braking are within design limits. Autopilot and flight‑control systems, together with airspeed, glide path, and runway conditions, play central roles. Pilots manage flare height, attitude, and braking to accommodate wind, weight, and surface conditions.

In spaceflight and planetary landings, the landningsfas encompasses descent from orbit or high altitude, atmospheric entry when applicable, deceleration through parachutes or retrorockets, and the final touchdown when legs or landing gear absorb impact. Depending on the mission, propulsion during powered descent, precision guidance, and sensing of altitude, velocity, and terrain are used to achieve a safe landing. On airless bodies such as the Moon or Mars, powered descent and leg deployment are critical elements.

Key technologies used in the landningsfas include guidance, navigation, and control systems, sensors such as radar, lidar, and inertial measurement units, and automated or remote-controlled procedures. Safety considerations focus on stability, control authority, landing loads, and contingencies for aborts or unexpected surface conditions.