LandauGinzburgModelle
The Landau-Ginzburg models are a class of phenomenological theories used to describe second-order phase transitions. Developed by Lev Landau and Vitaly Ginzburg, these models employ an order parameter, a continuous variable that characterizes the state of the system, and an associated free energy functional. The free energy is expressed as a polynomial in the order parameter, with coefficients that depend on temperature.
At temperatures above the critical temperature, the minimum free energy corresponds to a zero value of the
The simplest Landau-Ginzburg model involves a scalar order parameter. More complex systems, such as those with