Ladungsträger

Ladungsträger are fundamental entities in physics that carry an electric charge. These charge carriers are responsible for the flow of electric current in conductors and semiconductors. The most common type of positive charge carrier is the proton, found in the nucleus of an atom. Electrons, with their negative charge, are the primary charge carriers in most electrical circuits and metallic conductors. When an electric field is applied, these mobile charge carriers are set in motion, creating an electrical current.

In semiconductors, the concept of charge carriers extends to include "holes." A hole can be thought of as the absence of an electron in a crystal lattice. Because the surrounding electrons are negatively charged, a hole effectively behaves as a positive charge carrier. The movement of holes contributes to the conductivity of semiconductor materials. The density and mobility of ladungsträger are crucial properties that determine the electrical behavior of materials. Understanding ladungsträger is essential for comprehending phenomena like electrical conduction, semiconductor operation, and electrochemical reactions.