Lacrilonitrilo

Lacrilonitrilo, known in English as acrylonitrile, is a colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a pungent odor. Its chemical formula is C3H3N and its IUPAC name is 2-propenenitrile. Acrylonitrile is produced industrially by the catalytic ammoxidation of propylene in the presence of ammonia and air over a mixed-metal-oxide catalyst (commonly referred to as the Sohio process). The principal use of acrylonitrile is as a monomer for polyacrylonitrile (PAN), the key intermediate for producing acrylic fibers and carbon fibers. It is also copolymerized with styrene and butadiene to form acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins and is a comonomer in styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymers and nitrile rubbers.

Acrylonitrile is reactive due to its vinyl double bond and nitrile group; it polymerizes readily and exothermically, and stabilizers such as hydroquinone or tert-butylcatechol are added during handling to prevent runaway polymerization. The material is stored and transported under controlled conditions away from heat and oxidizers.

Hazards and regulation: Acrylonitrile is acutely toxic by inhalation and skin contact and can irritate the eyes and respiratory system. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies acrylonitrile as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). It is also flammable and forms explosive peroxides under some conditions, requiring proper ventilation and grounding during handling. Workers may be exposed to this chemical in refining, polymerization, and manufacturing settings; exposure limits exist in occupational safety frameworks.