Líquidas

Líquidas is the feminine plural form of the Spanish adjective líquido, used to describe substances in the liquid state. It appears in phrases such as sustancias líquidas or soluciones líquidas, and serves as a general label for matter that has a definite volume but no fixed shape.

In the study of matter, liquids are a distinct state characterized by fluidity, allowing them to flow and fill the shape of their container while maintaining a relatively constant volume. Compared with gases, liquids are less compressible and exhibit cohesive forces that give rise to properties such as surface tension and capillarity.

Important properties of liquids include density, viscosity, and surface tension. Viscosity measures internal resistance to flow; surface tension reflects cohesive forces at a liquid’s surface. Temperature, pressure, and the presence of solutes influence these properties and can induce phase changes, such as vaporization when heat is added.

Common liquids include water, ethanol, oils, acids, and mercury. Liquids are central in chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industrial processes, serving as solvents, reactants, lubricants, and media for transport and analysis.

Measurement and analysis of liquids rely on techniques such as viscometry for viscosity, pycnometry for density, refractometry for concentration, and spectroscopic methods for composition. The study of liquids intersects fluid dynamics and thermodynamics. See also estado de la materia, líquido, sólido y gaseoso, solución.