Külmasildade

Külmasildade, often translated as thermal bridges, are areas in a building's structure where heat flows more readily than in surrounding areas. These points typically occur where materials with lower thermal resistance, such as metal or concrete, interrupt the continuous layer of insulation. Common examples include window frames, structural beams penetrating insulation, or junctions between walls and floors.

The presence of thermal bridges leads to increased heat loss during colder months and heat gain during warmer months, impacting a building's energy efficiency. This can result in higher heating and cooling costs for occupants. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the warmer interior surface of a thermal bridge and the colder exterior can cause condensation to form. This moisture can lead to the development of mold and mildew, potentially affecting indoor air quality and causing damage to building materials over time.

Identifying and mitigating thermal bridges is an important aspect of building design and construction for improving energy performance and occupant comfort. Techniques to address them include ensuring continuous insulation, using thermal breaks in structural elements, and detailing junctions carefully to minimize thermal discontinuities.