Költségnyomások

Költségnyomások, often translated as cost-push factors or cost pressures, refers to economic phenomena where rising costs of production lead to an increase in the overall price level of goods and services. This is a primary driver of inflation, distinct from demand-pull inflation, which occurs when there is too much money chasing too few goods.

Key cost-push factors include increases in the cost of raw materials, such as oil, metals, or agricultural products. When the prices of these essential inputs rise, businesses face higher production expenses. These higher costs are then typically passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. Another significant factor is the rise in wages. If labor costs increase significantly, often due to strong unions or labor shortages, businesses may increase their prices to maintain profit margins. Energy prices also play a crucial role; an increase in the cost of electricity or fuel directly impacts a wide range of industries.

Additionally, supply chain disruptions can create cost-push pressures. Events like natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, or pandemics can reduce the availability of goods and increase transportation costs, leading to higher prices for consumers. Government policies, such as new taxes or regulations that increase compliance costs for businesses, can also contribute to cost-push inflation. Understanding these pressures is vital for policymakers seeking to manage inflation and maintain economic stability.