Kõhuõõnes

Kõhuõõne, also known as the abdominal cavity, is a large body cavity located in the torso between the diaphragm and the pelvic diaphragm. It contains most of the digestive organs, as well as the kidneys and spleen. The abdominal cavity is enclosed by the abdominal muscles anteriorly, the spine and posterior abdominal muscles posteriorly, the diaphragm superiorly, and the pelvic brim inferiorly. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs.

The organs within the abdominal cavity include the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands. These organs are crucial for digestion, metabolism, excretion, and immune function. The arrangement of these organs within the cavity is complex, with some organs being retroperitoneal (lying behind the peritoneum) and others being intraperitoneal (suspended by mesenteries).

The abdominal cavity is protected by the lower ribs superiorly and the pelvic bones inferiorly. Injuries to the abdominal cavity can be serious due to the vital organs it contains. Conditions affecting the abdominal cavity range from digestive disorders like appendicitis and ulcers to more systemic issues like kidney stones and pancreatitis. The study and treatment of diseases related to the abdominal organs fall under the specialization of gastroenterology and general surgery.