Kështjell

Kështjell is the Albanian word for a fortress or fortified residence, typically translated into English as "castle." In standard Albanian, the term denotes a defensive palace or residence built to control territory and protect inhabitants. It is often used in historical contexts and in toponyms, while kalaja is a more common everyday term for a castle.

As a native Albanian word, kështjell appears in ancient and medieval texts and in the names of historic sites across Albania and Kosovo.

Architecturally, kështjell structures are usually stone fortifications located on elevated ground—hilltops or promontories—featuring thick walls, towers, battlements, and gatehouses. The inner keeps, courtyards, and secondary walls varied by era and region, with fortifications evolving from early medieval to late medieval and early modern periods.

Historically, kështjell served as military strongpoints, noble residences, regional administrative centers, and symbols of authority. Many have endured through centuries of conflict and change, and several are preserved as cultural heritage sites. Notable examples in the Albanian-speaking regions include Krujë Castle, Berat Castle, and Rozafa Castle in Shkodër.

Today, kështjell are important for cultural identity and tourism. Conservation efforts focus on stabilizing structures, protecting surrounding landscapes, and interpreting their history for visitors.