Käsiõlavarre

Käsiõlavarre is a term used in Estonian to refer to the upper arm, the part of the arm between the shoulder and the elbow. It is a significant anatomical region composed of bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The primary bone of the käsiõlavarre is the humerus, a long bone that articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint and the radius and ulna at the elbow joint.

The muscles of the käsiõlavarre are responsible for a wide range of movements, including flexion and extension of the elbow, as well as rotation of the arm. Key muscles include the biceps brachii and brachialis on the anterior side, which are primarily responsible for elbow flexion, and the triceps brachii on the posterior side, which extends the elbow. The deltoid muscle, located at the shoulder, also plays a crucial role in arm movements.

The käsiõlavarre is innervated by several major nerves, including the musculocutaneous nerve, the median nerve, the radial nerve, and the ulnar nerve. These nerves control both motor function (muscle contraction) and sensory perception (touch, pain, temperature) in the region. The blood supply is provided by the brachial artery and its branches, which also supply the forearm and hand. Injuries to the käsiõlavarre can range from muscle strains and sprains to fractures of the humerus or nerve damage, often requiring medical attention for diagnosis and treatment.