Kärnbränslepetslar

Kärnbränslepetslar are small, cylindrical pellets made of uranium dioxide (UO2) that serve as the fundamental fuel component in nuclear reactors. These pellets are typically about 1 centimeter in diameter and 1 centimeter long. They are manufactured under stringent quality control to ensure consistent density, purity, and isotopic composition, which are critical for predictable nuclear fission. The uranium used is usually enriched to increase the concentration of the fissile isotope uranium-235.

The pellets are carefully stacked inside long, hollow tubes made of a zirconium alloy, forming fuel rods. These fuel rods are then bundled together into fuel assemblies, which are loaded into the reactor core. When placed in the reactor, neutrons strike the uranium-235 atoms within the pellets, causing them to undergo fission. This process releases a significant amount of energy in the form of heat, which is used to produce steam and generate electricity. The fission process also produces radioactive byproducts.

The ceramic nature of uranium dioxide makes it suitable for high-temperature operation within the reactor. It has a high melting point and is resistant to chemical corrosion, which helps to contain the radioactive fission products within the fuel rod. The design and manufacturing of kärnbränslepetslar are crucial for the safe and efficient operation of nuclear power plants.