Kylmäallergiaa

Kylmäallergia, also known as cold urticaria, is a physical urticaria triggered by exposure to cold. It is a condition where the skin reacts adversely to cold temperatures, resulting in the formation of hives, itching, and redness. The severity of symptoms can vary, ranging from mild discomfort to severe reactions like anaphylaxis in rare cases.

The exact cause of cold urticaria is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells in the skin when exposed to cold. This release causes blood vessels to dilate and fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues, leading to the characteristic hives. It can be primary, meaning it occurs spontaneously, or secondary, which is caused by an underlying medical condition such as a viral infection or certain types of cancer.

Diagnosis is typically made through a cold stimulation test, where an ice cube is applied to the skin for a specific duration. If hives develop in the area of cold exposure, it confirms the diagnosis. Treatment focuses on avoiding cold triggers and managing symptoms with antihistamines. In severe cases, a physician may prescribe other medications or recommend an epinephrine auto-injector for emergency use. While there is no cure for cold urticaria, most individuals can manage the condition effectively by taking precautions to minimize cold exposure.