Kvävemonoxid

Kvävemonoxid, also known as nitric oxide or NO, is a molecule composed of one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure. In the environment, it is a component of air pollution, primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels. In the atmosphere, it can react with other gases to form smog and acid rain.

Within biological systems, kvävemonoxid plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule. It is produced by various cells in the body, including nerve cells and immune cells, and has a short lifespan, allowing for localized and rapid communication. Its functions are diverse, including vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), which helps regulate blood pressure and blood flow. It is also involved in neurotransmission, acting as a neurotransmitter in certain parts of the brain. Furthermore, kvävemonoxid is important in the immune response, where it can help fight off infections and contribute to inflammation.

In industrial processes, kvävemonoxid is an intermediate in the production of nitric acid, a key chemical used in fertilizers and explosives. It can also be produced during high-temperature combustion processes. Due to its role in air pollution, regulations are in place in many countries to limit its emission from industrial sources and vehicles.