Kvázarok

Kvázarok, short for quasi-stellar radio sources, are extremely luminous active galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes at the centers of distant galaxies. Discovered in the early 1960s, their immense brightness and compact nature initially puzzled astronomers. Kvázarok are among the most distant and energetic objects in the observable universe, emitting vast amounts of electromagnetic radiation across the spectrum, from radio waves to X-rays and gamma rays.

The immense energy output of a kvázar is attributed to the accretion of matter onto a supermassive black hole. As gas and dust spiral into the black hole, they form an accretion disk, where friction heats the material to incredibly high temperatures, causing it to glow intensely. Powerful jets of plasma are often ejected perpendicular to the accretion disk, further contributing to the kvázar's luminosity.

Kvázarok are important tools for understanding the early universe and the evolution of galaxies. Their extreme distances mean that the light we observe from them has traveled for billions of years, providing a glimpse into cosmic history. Studying their distribution and properties helps astronomers test cosmological models and unravel the mysteries of galaxy formation and the role of supermassive black holes in cosmic evolution.