Kustutusaineet

Kustutusaineet, also known as extinguishing agents, are substances used to extinguish fires. They work by interrupting the chemical or physical process of combustion. Different types of fires require different extinguishing agents, as using the wrong type can be ineffective or even dangerous.

The most common extinguishing agents include water, foam, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dry chemical powders. Water is effective on Class A fires involving ordinary combustibles like wood and paper, as it cools the burning material below its ignition temperature. Foam is used for Class B fires involving flammable liquids and gases, forming a blanket that separates the fuel from the air. Carbon dioxide is a gaseous agent that displaces oxygen, making it suitable for Class B and C fires (electrical fires). Dry chemical powders, such as those based on monoammonium phosphate or sodium bicarbonate, are versatile and can be used on multiple fire classes (A, B, and C), though they can leave a residue.

Halon agents were historically used for Class B and C fires due to their effectiveness in interrupting the chemical chain reaction of combustion. However, due to their ozone-depleting properties, their use is now heavily restricted under international agreements like the Montreal Protocol, with substitutes being developed and implemented.

The choice of extinguishing agent depends on the specific type of fire, the materials involved, the environment, and potential risks to people and property. Fire safety professionals and regulations provide guidelines for the appropriate selection and use of these agents.