Kuramlar

Kuramlar, Turkish term for theories, are structured explanations that account for a set of phenomena and make predictions. They form a central part of scientific and intellectual activity in Turkish and international contexts. A kuram is not a guess; it is a coherent, testable framework supported by evidence. In Turkish usage, kuramlar include scientific theories such as the theory of evolution, the theory of relativity, or game theory, as well as social or philosophical theories such as functionalism or critical theory.

They differ from hypotheses, which are tentative statements to be tested, and from laws (kanunlar), which describe invariant relationships under defined conditions. Kuramlar develop through observation, experimentation, and mathematical formulation, and they are evaluated by explanatory power, predictive success, and consistency with established data. They are subject to falsification and revision as new evidence emerges. Theories can be revised, extended, or replaced, and multiple theories may coexist, offering different perspectives on the same phenomena.

In practice, kuramlar guide research questions, model building, data interpretation, and policy considerations, and they interact with paradigms (paradigmlar) that shape what questions are asked and how results are understood. The concept of kuramlar spans disciplines, from the natural sciences to the social sciences and philosophy, reflecting the role of theoretical frameworks in organizing knowledge and guiding inquiry.