Kuormavirtaan

Kuormavirtaan is a Finnish term used in electrical engineering to refer to the current that flows through a load in an electrical circuit. The basic quantity is kuormavirta (the load current); kuormavirtaan is the inflected form used when describing the current in relation to the load, for example in sentences that indicate direction toward the load or in contexts requiring a grammatical case.

In DC circuits, the load current is determined by Ohm’s law. If the load impedance is Z_L (for a pure resistor, Z_L = R), then I_L = V / Z_L. In AC circuits, the current is treated as a complex phasor, I_L = V_L / Z_L, with magnitude |I_L| = |V_L| / |Z_L| and phase ∠I_L = ∠V_L − ∠Z_L. The load current represents the portion of the source current that flows through the load; in a series circuit, I_L equals the source current, while in a parallel circuit it is the current through that particular branch.

Measurement and practical considerations: kuormavirtaa can be measured with a series shunt resistor or with a current sensor such as a Hall-effect probe. The measurement is typically expressed in amperes (A), often as RMS for AC signals. Practical concerns include the load’s dynamic changes, temperature effects on resistance, and the power dissipated by the load, P = V_L × I_L.

Example: a 5 V DC source connected to a 10 Ω load yields I_L = 0.5 A.

See also: kuormavirta, Ohm’s law, impedance, phasor, electrical circuit.