Kudetöötlused

Kudetöötlused refers to the processes involved in preparing and processing biological tissues for microscopic examination or other laboratory analyses. These procedures are crucial for preserving the structural integrity of cells and extracellular components, allowing for detailed study. The specific techniques employed depend on the type of tissue, the intended analysis, and the desired outcome.

Common kudetöötlused begin with fixation, a process that arrests cellular activity and prevents autolysis and putrefaction. Formalin is a widely used fixative. Following fixation, tissues are typically dehydrated through a series of alcohol solutions of increasing concentration to remove water. Impregnation with a clearing agent, such as xylene, is then performed to remove the alcohol and prepare the tissue for embedding. Embedding in a solid medium, usually paraffin wax or resin, provides support for sectioning.

Once embedded, the tissue block is thinly sliced using a microtome. These thin sections, known as histological sections, are then mounted onto microscope slides. Various staining techniques are applied to impart color to different cellular and extracellular components, making them visible under a microscope. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a common and versatile stain. Additional special stains may be used to highlight specific structures or substances. Finally, the stained sections are covered with a coverslip and can be examined microscopically. These comprehensive kudetöötlused are fundamental in histology, pathology, and various research disciplines.