Krüokonserveerimine

Krüokonserveerimine is a process used to preserve biological materials at very low temperatures, typically between -130 and -196 degrees Celsius. This is achieved by using liquid nitrogen. The primary goal of krüokonserveerimine is to stop all biological activity, including cellular metabolism, to prevent further degradation of the material.

The process involves carefully cooling the biological sample, which can range from single cells like sperm or eggs to larger tissues and even whole organisms. A cryoprotectant is often added to prevent the formation of ice crystals, which can damage cell structures during the freezing process. These cryoprotectants act as antifreeze, lowering the freezing point of water within the cells.

Krüokonserveerimine is widely used in various fields. In medicine, it's employed for fertility preservation, allowing individuals to store sperm, eggs, or embryos for future use. It's also utilized in tissue banking for organs, skin, and blood. In scientific research, krüokonserveerimine is essential for storing cell lines, microorganisms, and genetic material for long-term study and preservation. The success of krüokonserveerimine depends heavily on the proper preparation of the sample, the choice of cryoprotectant, and the controlled cooling and thawing rates. While the technology has advanced significantly, challenges remain in preserving larger, more complex biological structures without compromising their viability.