Kryptophyten

Kryptophyten are a group of plants that are adapted to survive unfavorable periods, such as drought or cold, by living underground. Their perennating organs, which store food reserves and protect vital buds, are located beneath the soil surface. This adaptation allows them to escape extreme surface conditions and emerge again when favorable environmental conditions return. Common examples of kryptophyten include bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers.

Bulbs, like those found in onions and tulips, are modified stems with fleshy leaves that store nutrients. Corms, such as those of gladioli and crocuses, are swollen underground stems that are solid and fleshy. Rhizomes, like those of ginger and irises, are horizontal underground stems that can spread and form new shoots. Tubers, such as potatoes and dahlias, are enlarged underground storage organs that can be stems or roots.

The survival strategy of kryptophyten is crucial in many ecosystems, allowing them to persist through harsh seasons and contribute to plant biodiversity. Their underground organs provide protection from grazing animals and physical damage, in addition to environmental extremes. The ability to resprout from these protected structures ensures the continuation of the plant species. This life form is particularly common in temperate and cold climates, but also found in arid regions.