Kryosäiliöt

Kryosäiliöt, also known as cryogenic tanks or dewars, are specialized insulated vessels designed to store and transport cryogenic liquids at extremely low temperatures. These liquids, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquid helium, exist at temperatures below -150 degrees Celsius (-238 degrees Fahrenheit). The primary function of a kryosäiliö is to minimize heat transfer from the surroundings to the cryogenic liquid, thus preventing excessive evaporation and maintaining its low temperature.

The construction of a kryosäiliö typically involves a double-walled vacuum-insulated design. The inner vessel holds the cryogenic liquid, while the outer vessel provides structural integrity and protection. The space between the walls is evacuated to create a vacuum, which is an excellent insulator. Additional insulation layers, such as superinsulation (multiple layers of thin, reflective material separated by low-conductivity spacers), are often incorporated within the vacuum space to further reduce heat ingress.

Kryosäiliöt come in various sizes and configurations, ranging from small laboratory dewars to large industrial storage tanks. They are used in a wide array of applications, including scientific research, medical procedures (e.g., cryopreservation of cells and tissues), industrial gas supply, aerospace, and even in food processing for rapid freezing. The safe handling and operation of kryosäiliöt are crucial due to the extreme temperatures and potential hazards associated with cryogenic liquids.