Kruhovitost

Kruhovitost is a geometric property describing how closely a two‑dimensional figure resembles a circle. It is a dimensionless quantity that equals 1 for a perfect circle and is smaller for other shapes. In practice, kruhovitost is used to assess contour quality and circularity in fields such as geometry, computer vision, and manufacturing.

There are several common ways to quantify kruhovitost. A widely used measure is circularity C = 4πA/P², where A is the area of the shape and P is its perimeter; a perfect circle yields C = 1, while more irregular shapes have C < 1. Another approach is the ratio A/(πR²), where R is the radius of the smallest circle that can enclose the shape, which also achieves 1 for a circle. A related idea compares the radii of the circumscribed and inscribed circles (R and r); the closer R and r are, the closer the shape is to circular. Additional measures use the variation of distances from a shape’s centroid to its boundary or fit quality of a circle to boundary points.

Computation typically starts from a boundary or set of boundary points. One may compute A and P directly, or apply a circle-fitting algorithm to determine R and the center, then derive corresponding circularity measures. In digital images, pre-processing and noise filtering are important, as fragmentation and boundary roughness affect results.

Applications include quality control in machining, assessment of parts and lenses, shape analysis in biology, and pattern recognition. Limitations arise from noise, discretization, and scale, so choosing a measure appropriate to the context is essential.