Kromosoomsed

Kromosoomsed are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They are composed of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones. Each kromosoomsed contains a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms. The DNA molecule is organized into genes, which are the basic units of heredity.

Humans typically have 23 pairs of kromosoomsed in each cell, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs are autosomes, and the remaining pair are sex kromosoomsed, which determine an individual's biological sex. Females have two X kromosoomsed (XX), while males have one X and one Y kromosoomsed (XY). The number of kromosoomsed can vary between species. For example, dogs have 39 pairs, while fruit flies have 4 pairs.

The primary function of kromosoomsed is to package DNA into a compact, manageable form that fits within the nucleus. During cell division, kromosoomsed are duplicated and then precisely segregated into daughter cells, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information. Abnormalities in kromosoomsed number or structure can lead to various genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of kromosoomsed 21.