Kromaffiiniset

Kromaffiiniset refers to a group of specialized cells found in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. These cells are characterized by their ability to stain intensely with chromium salts, a property that gives them their name. The term "kromaffiiniset" is derived from Greek words meaning "color" and "affinity."

The primary function of kromaffiiniset cells is the production and secretion of catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine. These hormones play crucial roles in the body's stress response, commonly known as the "fight-or-flight" response. Upon stimulation, kromaffiiniset cells release these catecholamines into the bloodstream, which then trigger a cascade of physiological changes. These changes include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, mobilization of glucose, and redirection of blood flow to essential organs.

Kromaffiiniset cells are neuroendocrine cells, meaning they have characteristics of both nerve cells and endocrine cells. They originate from the neural crest during embryonic development and are innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. This neural connection allows for rapid and precise control over the release of catecholamines. Tumors arising from kromaffiiniset cells are called pheochromocytomas when they occur in the adrenal medulla and paragangliomas when they are located outside the adrenal gland. These tumors can lead to excessive production of catecholamines, resulting in symptoms such as hypertension, palpitations, and headaches.